Reasons for persecution: membership of a particular social group

 Article 1A(2) GC 

 Article 10(d) QD

 Recital 30 QD                                                                                                                              

• CJEU, Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X and Y and Z v Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel, Joined Cases C-199/12 to C-201/12, judgment of 7 November 2013, EU:C:2013:720, paras 45-49 (definition of particular social group), paras 53-61 (criminalisation of homosexual acts), paras 70-76 (applicant cannot be expected to conceal homosexuality or exercise reserve in the expression of his sexual orientation)